Simpozij, Ljubljana, 18. in 19. oktober 2018
Danes se spomenike, povezane s 1. svetovno vojno, ki so nastali v medvojni Jugoslaviji, praviloma obravnava ločeno, v okvirih držav naslednic. Simpozij bo poskušal predstaviti čim bolj celovito sliko te produkcije in zarisati njene skupne značilnosti, a obenem tudi razlike, v veliki meri pogojene z zelo raznolikimi lokalnimi tradicijami komemoriranja in postavljanja obeležij.
Drugi cilj simpozija je razmislek o tem, kako so se v spomenike vpisovale težnje po krepitvi skupne jugoslovanske identitete, vzpostavljanju kolektivnega imaginarija in čim bolj enotni, prepoznavni vizualni podobi mlade države. Jugoslavija je imela na tem področju precejšnje težave, ki jim niso botrovale le notranje mednacionalne in politične napetosti ter nedomišljena državna kulturna politika, temveč tudi pomanjkanje združujočih skupnih zgodb in spominov. Ker so se jugoslovanski narodi pred združitvijo pogosto znašli v antagonističnih političnih taborih, so zgodbe iz preteklosti na mlado državo lahko učinkovale celo skrajno razdiralno.
Tudi produkcija spomenikov, posvečenih vojnim dosežkom in padlim v 1. svetovni vojni, je bila kočljiva, saj so se v isti državi znašli tako zmagovalci kot poraženci, borce z ene in druge strani se je sočasno pokopavalo in se jih spominjalo. Spomeniki, ki običajno neposredno in glasno pripovedujejo, da mrtvi niso padli zaman in živi živijo vrednote, za katere so se borili, niso bili mogoči. Iskrena ali pragmatična solidarnost je zmagovalce vsaj na začetku omejevala, da bi se prosto razmahnili v evforičnem, zmagoslavnem narativu. Še toliko bolj je bila omejena stran poražencev, saj se je zgodilo ravno obratno od tega, za kar se je borila, in smrti preštevilnih padlih nikakor ni bilo mogoče osmisliti.
PROGRAM
četrtek, 18. oktober 2018: Produkcija spomenikov, povezanih s 1. svetovno vojno, v različnih delih Jugoslavije
10.30 Uvodni nagovori
11.00 Beti Žerovc: Razvoj javnega spomenika na območju bodoče Jugoslavije
11.30 Petra Svoljšak: Kamni spomina: Kako in zakaj so nastajali spomeniki med 1. svetovno vojno – primer slovenskega prostora in soške fronte
12.30 Marko Štepec: Spomeniki 1. svetovne vojne v Sloveniji
13.00 Ljiljana Dobrovšak: Prostori spomina na 1. svetovno vojno na Hrvaškem
13.30 Andrea Baotić-Rustanbegović: Spomeniki žrtvam 1. svetovne vojne: Komemorativne prakse v Bosni in Hercegovini
15.00 Nenad Lajbenšperger: Spomeniki, povezani s 1. svetovno vojno, v Srbiji brez pokrajin, v Vojvodini in v tujini
15.30 Danilo Šarenac: Spomeniki, povezani s 1. svetovno vojno, na ozemlju Makedonije, Kosova in Črne Gore ter spomeniki tujim vojakom v Srbiji in Makedoniji
16.00 Pogovor s predavatelji
petek, 19. oktober 2018: Spomeniki v službi države
10.30 Olga Manojlović Pintar: Spomeniki junakom in žrtvam 1. svetovne vojne in politika spominjanja v Jugoslaviji
11.00 Borut Klabjan: Nasilje v prostoru: Markacija obmejnega prostora v severnem Jadranu v prvi polovici 20. stoletja
11.30 Dalibor Prančević: Ivan Meštrović in 1. svetovna vojna: Pot umetnika od izseljenskega aktivizma do državnih naročil
12.30 Barbara Vujanović: Oblikovanje naroda: Medvojni spomeniki v kontekstu zagrebške likovne akademije
13.00 Aleksandar Ignjatović: Jugoslovanstvo skozi sintakso klasicizma: Spomeniki, povezani s 1. svetovno vojno, v Beogradu in Ljubljani, 1931–39
13.30 Pogovor s predavatelji
Simpozij je posvečen Špelci Čopič (1922–2014), poznavalki in interpretinji slovenskega in jugoslovanskega kiparstva ter javnih spomenikov v 20. stoletju. Spomnili se je bomo tudi s priložnostno spominsko vitrino.
Organizator: Oddelek za umetnostno zgodovino Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani. Simpozij je del seminarja Umetnost za skupnostno rabo.
Partnerja: Društvo Igor Zabel za kulturo in teorijo in Moderna galerija.
Simpozij se pridružuje mednarodnemu projektu in razstavi Vizualna umetnost v Kraljevini Jugoslaviji (1929–41), ki se bo v Moderni galeriji odprla spomladi leta 2019.
Prizorišče: Moderna galerija, Cankarjeva 15, Ljubljana
Kontakt: info@igorzabel.org
fb dogodek: https://www.facebook.com/events/1166423746827850/
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Yugoslav Monuments Associated with the First World War (1918–1941)
Symposium, Ljubljana, 18–19 October 2018
The First World War monuments produced in interwar Yugoslavia are today usually discussed separately, within the context of the successor state to which they belong. The symposium will attempt to present a picture of this production that is as comprehensive as possible, outlining not only the common features of these works but also their differences, which to a large degree were conditioned by very diverse local traditions of commemoration and memorial creation.
The second goal of the symposium is to consider how these monuments are inscribed with desires to strengthen a common Yugoslav identity, establish a collective imaginary, and develop a distinctive visual image of the young state. Yugoslavia faced considerable difficulties in this area, which were fostered not only by internal inter-ethnic and political tensions and a poorly thought-out state cultural policy, but also by the lack of unifying shared stories and memories. Because, before unification, the different peoples of Yugoslavia had often found themselves in opposing political camps, stories from the past could even be extremely divisive for the young state.
The creation of monuments dedicated to the achievements and to the fallen soldiers of the First World War was itself a problematic task: both victors and vanquished found themselves living in the same country, and the burial and commemoration of soldiers from both sides were happening simultaneously. Monuments normally tell us, directly and overtly, that the dead did not die in vain and the living embody the values for which they fought, but in Yugoslavia after the First World War such monuments were impossible. A sense of solidarity, whether sincere or pragmatic, constrained the victors, at least initially, from freely exulting in euphoric triumphalist narratives. And the vanquished were even more constrained, for what had happened was the very reverse of what they had been fighting for, and there was no possible way to rationalize the deaths of the many who had fallen in battle.
PROGRAMME
Thursday, 18 October 2018: The Production of Monuments Associated with the First World War in Different Parts of Yugoslavia
10:30 Introductions
11:00 Beti Žerovc: The Development of Public Monuments on the Territory of Future Yugoslavia
11:30 Petra Svoljšak: Stones of Memory: How and Why were the Memorials Built during the First World War – The Case of the Slovenian Territory and the Isonzo Front
12:30 Marko Štepec: The Monuments to the First World War in Slovenia
13:00 Ljiljana Dobrovšak: The Places of Memory of the First World War in Croatia
13:30 Andrea Baotić-Rustanbegović: The Monuments to the Victims of the First World War: Commemorative Practices in Bosnia and Herzegovina
15:00 Nenad Lajbenšperger: The Monuments Dedicated to the First World War on the Territory of Serbia without Provinces, in Vojvodina and Abroad
15:30 Danilo Šarenac: The Monuments Dedicated to the First World War on the Territory of Macedonia, Kosovo and Montenegro, and the Monuments to Foreign Soldiers in Serbia and Macedonia
16:00 Panel discussion with lecturers
Friday, 19 October 2018: The Monuments in Service of the State
10:30 Olga Manojlović Pintar: The Monuments to the Heroes and Victims of the First World War and the Remembrance Policy in Yugoslavia
11:00 Borut Klabjan: Violence in Space: Marking the Border Space in the Northern Adriatic in the First Half of the 20th Century
11:30 Dalibor Prančević: Ivan Meštrović and the First World War: An Artistic Path from Emigrant Activism to the State Commissions
12:30 Barbara Vujanović: Shaping the Nation: Interwar Monuments in the Context of the Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb
13:00 Aleksandar Ignjatović: Yugoslavism through the Syntax of Classicism: The Memorials to the First World War in Belgrade and Ljubljana, 1931–1939
13:30 Panel discussion with the lecturers
The symposium is dedicated to Špelca Čopič (1922–2014), an expert and interpreter of Slovenian and Yugoslav sculpture and public monuments in the 20th century. On this occasion, we will also remember her with a commemorative display.
Organizer: Department of Art History, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana.
The symposium is part of the seminar Art for Collective Use.
Partners: Igor Zabel Association for Culture and Theory and Moderna galerija
The symposium is affiliated with the international research project and exhibition Visual Arts in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–41) due to open in spring 2019 at the Moderna galerija (Museum of Modern Art).
Venue: Moderna galerija, Cankarjeva 15, Ljubljana
Contact: info@igorzabel.org
